2000-2005: The Foundation
Freenet Released
Ian Clarke releases Freenet, one of the first decentralized, censorship-resistant networks.
Tor Alpha Release
Roger Dingledine and Nick Mathewson release Tor alpha. The Onion Router begins.
I2P Development Starts
The Invisible Internet Project begins development as alternative to Tor.
Tor Goes Public
Tor released under free license. EFF begins funding.
2009-2013: The Silk Road Era
Bitcoin Launches
Satoshi Nakamoto mines the genesis block. The darknet gets its currency.
Silk Road Opens
Ross Ulbricht launches Silk Road. Darknet commerce begins.
Gawker Article
Media exposure causes Bitcoin to surge from $9 to $32.
Freedom Hosting Seized
FBI arrests Eric Marques, takes down largest Tor hosting provider.
Silk Road Falls
FBI arrests Ross Ulbricht at San Francisco library. Silk Road seized.
2014-2017: Growth & Crackdowns
Operation Onymous
International operation seizes 400+ hidden services including Silk Road 2.0.
Agora Shuts Down
After vulnerability discovered, Agora voluntarily closes—rare graceful exit.
AlphaBay Peaks
AlphaBay becomes largest darknet market ever, 400K+ users.
Operation Bayonet
AlphaBay seized, Hansa revealed as honeypot. Largest darknet operation ever.
2018-2025: Modern Era
Dream Market Closes
After years of operation, Dream Market announces closure—exit scam suspected.
Empire Market Exit Scam
Largest market at the time vanishes with users funds.
DarkMarket Seized
German authorities seize DarkMarket, arrest Australian operator.
Hydra Takedown
German police seize Hydra, the massive Russian-language market.
Decentralization Era
Markets fragment. Monero dominates. Decentralized alternatives emerge.
Note: This timeline focuses on significant documented events. The darknet ecosystem is constantly evolving with new markets and operations occurring regularly.